The geology of the Camp Caiman area comprises three main stratigraphic sequences. Mafic volcanic rocks of the basal Paramaca Formation are overlain by pelites and greywackes of the Armina Formation, which underlies sandstone and quartz pebble conglomerate units of the Orapu Formation. Felsic to intermediate porphyry dykes and sills occur in the Armina Formation, cutting obliquely across stratigrahy. Gold mineralization is mainly hosted by sedimentary units of the Armina Formation, in the hinge and along the southern limb of a moderately southwest plunging anticline. A series of sub-vertical, east-west striking dolerite dykes up to 40 metres in width cut the mineralized body.

Two main deformation phases are recognized. The first phase produced tight folds and a penetrative schistosity (S1) during regional metamorphism to lower greenschist facies. The second phase produced open folds and a northwest-striking crenulation fabric (S2). Gold mineralization is interpreted to predate both deformation events and to have been largely stratiform. Subsequent polyphase deformation has produced complex geometric anticlinal and synclinal forms that affect all of the mineralized horizons.

Bedrock geology is covered on hill tops and flanks by three laterite horizons that each have a maximum thickness of 5 metres, and in low lying areas by alluvial deposits up to 5 metres thick. The surficial gold anomaly which led to the discovery of the deposit lies at a break in the topographic slope.

Mineralization

Gold mineralization is associated with a potassic, carbonate and sulfate-hydrothermal alteration assemblage which crosses the stratigraphy at a very gentle angle over its entire length. The width of the alteration zone is highly variable, locally exceeding 100 metres in the CC-88 zone. The alteration zone also contains strongly boudinaged and folded siliceous bundles that are blue-grey in colour due to the presence of sulphide inclusions. The largest siliceous bundles occur in the CC-88 zone.

Pyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite are the primary sulphide minerals associated with gold mineralization and alteration. Gold generally occurs as inclusions within arsenopyrite and pyrite, but also as microscopic free gold within fractured arsenopyrite and pyrite. Visible gold is encountered rarely in quartz veins or as microscopic flakes near the sulphides.

Supergene gold enrichment is recognized in the CC-88 and Scout areas, where particularly high grades were intersected in near-surface oxide material.